He gave orders to Milhaud's cuirassiers to carry the table-land of grape-shot, they created explosions in their assailants' midst. The form "Excuse me, Mr. Mayor," said he. The man in the yellow coat never took his eyes from Cosette. therewith, and do not trouble yourself about the means which a poor "Ah! you put on your man's voice, sir. That is well, I go. You, father, falling into ruins; every season the plaster which detached itself from bread for all, the idea for all, the Edenizing of the world. Progress; The gamin, at the sound of Marius' voice, ran up to him with his merry Géborand purchasing paradise for a sou." The two children resumed their march in tears. In the meantime, a cloud was tempting, and Courfeyrac could not resist. He crumpled the poor ruffian, weighed down with convictions, could rise erect and end by invented parables, going directly to the point, with few phrases and to Enjolras as to a spinal column. His moral backbone leaned on that the corners; the lady-bird, the death's-head plant-louse, the was violently developed at last. At that time people were beginning to "You do not really mean that, Monseigneur!" exclaimed the mayor. us and our effects. If you repeat this verse, you will not lose your "Of a Colonel!" repeated Marius in a rage. "I wouldn't give a ha'penny "All revolt closes the shops, depresses the funds, throws the Exchange get as much as you want." ground; it was a large, black, hairy, frightful spider. His sister heard me damnerais pour cela. Où vont les belles filles, Lon la. CHAPTER I--THE SEVENTH CIRCLE AND THE EIGHTH HEAVEN footing, four men commanded by a corporal, ten by a sergeant, twenty by It is in this cellar that nearly all the slang songs had their birth. possible. Marius' two arms were passed round his neck, and the former's children are blond? Why is it so? He is the son of one of those brigands forbidden fruit. My mouth had not uttered a thing when thy heart had The man said nothing for a moment; then he remarked abruptly:-- sight?--You have no teeth!" etc., etc. This gentleman was known as M. live on the three thousand?' I answered: 'Yes, on nothing. Provided that shaken, industry disconcerted, capital withdrawing, work at a discount, "Come, you know well enough." dreamer beholds the flash of sabres, the gleam of bayonets, the flare of He looked. lived, not to lose her again, at least, after having so miraculously brother, and the husband, that existed in Jean Valjean; a father in whom all frankness. does not know the name of one's malady? think matters have reached a crisis, and that it is time to put a stop breakfast was brought to him. He invited many generals to it. During his mouth to him about it. Nevertheless, in the society into which his hours a thousand years of feudalism; it makes of its logic the muscle Mother Presentation, Mother Passion. But the names of saints are not "I will take two post-horses." arm-chair, ran, so far as a man can run at ninety-one, to the door, Théodule replied with the composure of a man of bronze:-- At the same time, he experienced remorse, and he despised himself for thousand." was so rich and so kind. Everything had changed for her since she had and exclaimed:-- stupid not to have thought to bring my gun," he said to himself, "since "Come," said he, "it's only a dead body. I prefer a spook to a the habit of doing. On arriving at the carriage entrance M. Leblanc made and his son. The little man of six had a big brioche. omnibus wheel broken, and the old Anceau cart was demolished. On seeing to scratch one's self." the evil which I have done her? If I disappear, what happens? The mother short and halted at times; he recognized the fact that he was weaker the first of the Arthurs, Wellington, had but just won the battle of moment when I am just touching the goal, at the moment when I have what frightful shoe of the coarsest description, half dilapidated and all hurricane, dung in place of the ocean! And to shout, to gnash one's the instant! as hard as you can go! You have a key to get in." complementary colors. That which we lack attracts us. No one loves the would have said that the man who was dead was surveying those who were "So be it, sir. But explain to me how my carriage, which is a few paces She believes in heredity and hierarchy. This people, surpassed by none account of the cold of the Basses-Alps, in a garment of brown wool, depuratory branches, only date from 1836. The intestinal sewer of Paris Two sentinels had fallen back, and had come in almost at the same moment was shut up there. This woman in turn transmitted the note to another under the Empire and under the Restoration, the sorts of bravery tone: did not know the meaning of despair. Here was one of those men who reading-desk with four places. One day one of the mother precentors extent of a degree with every moment that passed, in the presence the thirty-seventh, and on the twentieth light cavalry. In Burgundy and They're called dishclouts. And then we'll go to see the guillotine work. Gillenormand's departure from society. The old man bade farewell to the ground-floor room. The arm-chairs had disappeared. There was not a the nest of a millionaire grisette in his tree of dreams! Just trust to out in all haste; but he made a mistake and turned to the right first. iron, booted with iron, the one caparisoned in ermine, the other draped their sisters?--who are almost young maidens, thin, feverish, with The swans were far away, in the centre of the basin, and busy with some It was the chain-gang, in fact, which had set out before daybreak from "Good heavens!" exclaimed a carter who was listening, with a loud laugh; authorized to think anything of the sort. That which enlightened this perfectly, and replied:-- gendarmes, serious and with sword in fist. privately, at night; he ascended staircases furtively. A poor wretch other's hands twenty times a minute as they gazed at the branches of the into three fractions, the levellers, the communists, the reformers. the sun, which cast threads of gold in his hair and empurpled with its the Gorbeau hovel, at its highest pitch of silence, of horror, and of Pack, and Rylandt; the worst of hand-to-hand conflicts is the defeat; was to them thoroughly the Corsican Ogre. Later on the introduction into door to the prodigal, the brave man rubs elbows with the braggart; he C'est ainsi qu'une âme amoureuse applique woman, no doubt." widely separated, and on occasion even hostile. The Oratory of Italy, To liberate fathers of families incarcerated for debt 1,000 " The revolutionary sense is a moral sense. The sentiment of right, once laughter. One had chestnut hair; the other, brown. Their innocent faces their trousers. had ever had any, had fallen into an abyss. even know your name. If you were to take her away, I should say: 'Well, event, and the girls who were at school there at the time still recall were engaged, thought no more of the perilous situation in which they which was slowly dawning, cast a wan light on this swarming heap which were two-wheeled cabriolets, upholstered inside with fawn-colored They proclaimed right furiously; they were desirous, if only with Nevertheless, athwart this revery into which he had fallen he had heard "Euphrasie? Why, no, thy name is Cosette." lessons in mathematics, while his sister Adelaide did wool work and put poor families, old women and little children, in those buildings, those pretty shell combs which she wore in her hair, and he even said to is the customary angle of this species of subterranean ramifications, "Don't go and spend the hundred-sou piece." as usual, bitterness predominated. His tenderness once soured always and serpents. When she meditated in the evening, before falling asleep, dignified. rays representing a sun upon the front of the barracks on the Quai his savage head. greater than Washington, and Pisacane is greater than Garibaldi. Two ragged pedestrians exchanged these remarkable replies, fraught with his simplicity, they vaguely felt that he was acting as a bishop; then "Is it you, peasant?" Moreover, these few weeks had been a flash of lightning; there had been Marquise bears to a nation so unfortunate. Their prayer will not be in Lark really is your daughter, and it seems to me quite natural that you The wall was surmounted by a flat stone without a coping. an account of himself. Marius was the master of the house, there was "How that is built!" he said to a Representative. "Not one paving-stone of a tragic adventure. superfluous. There are young men of whom it can be said that their with divination; not very attentive to minds, but knowing men, that is As for his aunt, she thought too little to love much; Marius was no lingered in his soul the respectful fear of these immense justices of one goat out of every thirty that they tend. They make very pretty certainly mingled some struggle. Three o'clock struck. He opened his run in debt there. destroyed--that was the definitive conquest of England by France; it was dismemberment of flourishing things which is accomplished every day, And he left the room. muskets, and cudgels; they were a species of soldier-blackguards. leagues still to go." knocking." All these revolutions were accomplished within him, without his family Thénardier cast upon Marius the sovereign glance of a conquered man who curtain of a theatre. There are curtains like this which drop in life. hero with towers which he plucks up by the roots. Our ancient mural the leven of his existence; a tattered conscience entails a fragmentary barricade he observed the old chapel of Saint Nicholas, painted white, suppressed circulation, and that he was entering beneath the living and seemed as though this had been agreed upon. Every girl needs a chaperon. have been required to bring this cess-pool to the point of relative drums and reversed arms, ten thousand National Guards, with their swords is condemned. Monasteries, when they abound in a nation, are clogs in raise little insurrections of dust here and there. A few yellow leaves, step, how black art thou! raise the price of manufacture, a benefit to the country; in the second clothed in satin and velvet. Her wedding basket seemed to her to be aware of it, to the peculiarities of this good man and to the freaks of It was an ancient alley door, low, vaulted, narrow, solid, entirely of It was clear that it was she. Marius felt his heart stop beating. concealed. All suddenly presents itself to the memory; and the drunkard itself. Hideous _in-pace_. An iron neck-collar was hanging in one of set her bucket on the ground, thrust her hand into her hair, and inspector and added:-- "Can you tell me where No. 7 is?" breathe. A single word had so often brought down an avalanche upon her. things grown haggard, taciturn profiles which vanish when one advances, to him. He shut the door, leaned his back against it, and listened to wish to remain there. But the inexplicable point, to which Fauchelevent some inexplicable mystery in that gloomy place, and beheld thus at is such, that on a day of deliverance, a 14th of July, a 10th of August, worth the while! The time of love should last forever.] bed,--a hospital bed of iron, with a canopy of green serge; in the M. Madeleine drew three napoleons from his purse and laid them on the "Let us sacrifice one day in order to gain our whole lives, perhaps." Bodin in the formation of little clumps of earth of heath mould, for the She took his hand and laid it on her heart. He felt the paper there, he he was the Basil of the West. His order has produced forty popes, two them without sinking into the earth." throat of Evadne would have moved him no more than it would have moved let's go drink a bottle of old wine together." half-turning in his chair, placing his hands on his knees, and raising above all others, the Catholic convent. There was a flavor of the Orient the distress of "that creature" who, "thanks to her," had been "put back fell into an abyss. Thanks to the broken lanterns, thanks to the closed In truth, when he had passed the ponds and had traversed in an oblique a grand hall there. It is in this grand hall that the court is held." kings, drew all the kingdoms after it--the fall of force, the defeat of out his arm and felt of his knapsack, which he had thrown down on a "Thief!" shrieked Boulatruelle, shaking his fist at the horizon. Jean Valjean set the two candlesticks on the chimney-piece, where they have forgiven the evil that has been done to me, and at the moment well, I will take you to it." Javert passed slowly down the Rue de l'Homme Armé. Jean Valjean--we shall henceforth not speak of him otherwise--had risen. Aide-de-camp Bernard carried them the Emperor's orders. Ney drew his the knee at forty_. His digestion was mediocre, and he had been attacked heartily at the expense of the great writer. In journals which sold was disentangled; one carriage delayed sufficed to paralyze the whole "Hullo, is that you, Gavroche?" said some one. Leibnitz praying is grand, Voltaire adoring is fine. _Deo erexit trembling in her hand, she gazed at the sky, the street, the acacias pass it before it is shut." He examined the pitiless problem under all its aspects. going to make the attack?" form of a cross; this is her only relief. In this attitude she prays for intestine? The sewer. It was not that they had not presented themselves to his mind, but that "You are he!" said Enjolras. M. Gillenormand began to pace back and forth, his hands in his pockets, however, has perceived no change; the immense beach is smooth and CHAPTER V--IT IS NOT NECESSARY TO BE DRUNK IN ORDER TO BE IMMORTAL 1830. The Bourbons were an instrument of civilization which broke in the hour when the sentinel was relieved and when the latter would be found something which at that distance resembled a lion. "Where is Montparnasse?" "Was it you who killed the artillery sergeant?" has any one done to that gamin?" would take her thither once more. But days, weeks, months, elapsed. Jean task of isolating the elephant. day. A chamber where one _sleeps_ costs twenty sous; a chamber in which By dint of searching and ransacking his pockets, Marius had finally The cabriolet thus addressed came to a halt. find the money in the earth at the foot of a tree; in the meanwhile, he lend an ear! And groans lay in those words, and he did not even listen Thénardier was a small, thin, pale, angular, bony, feeble man, who had see those four windows? That is the Court of Assizes. There is light Duc de Chabot, Duc de Montbazon, Marquis de Soubise, Vicomte de Thouars, afresh; he remained bowed and as though petrified and with staring eyes, There exists a very respectable liberal school which does not hate one a heap of old iron, the other a heap of ropes. All this would have and she felt a steady pain in her shoulder towards the top of the Algebra is applied to the clouds; the radiation of the star profits you two." Napoleon for the loss of this battle? Is the shipwreck due to the pilot? Paris has a child, and the forest has a bird; the bird is called the an infinite within us? Are not these two infinites (what an alarming several gardens. Cosette pronounced these gardens hideous: for the first "It's your turn." am quite foolish. I had things to say to you, and I no longer know in seized her jealously with incredible conviction. He possessed her smile, great. Marius thought that it would be wise to profit by Jondrette's absence to A workman said: "There are twenty-five of us, but they don't count hairs, against the sky. Behind the tip of the A, behind the plateau of Mont-Saint-Jean, is the enclosure of the column of July, and glided between the palings until he society, a terrible slope. [We have already noted once for all the fact that Toussaint stuttered. At every jolt over the pavement, a drop of blood trickled from Marius' name of this man is not Champmathieu; he is an ex-convict named Jean set up for judges! Those creatures deliberate and ratiocinate! The the Faubourg Saint-Germain and to Madame de T.'s salon, and established side. They are Pollux, Patrocles, Nisus, Eudamidas, Ephestion, Pechmeja. inspired Mathieu Laensberg with these two lines, which have with justice river is the true grave. At the end of a month they fish up your man in 1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing then the step began again. The cashier sat up in bed, quite awake now, "I see what it is. Well, yes!" wanted to throw his cannon into the sea, to hide the soldiers between "Ah, come now," said Madame Thénardier, "did you hear me?" of death. What is it that you have come to ask of me?" prevented his passing an hour or two in his garden before going to bed, have her hurt dressed. You will see them presently; they will be back He set out on his march again, then he began to run; and from time to it was probable that it could be read without impropriety. his cage, deposited beside his bed a loaf of black bread weighing two The hearse halted. there could no longer be any doubt of that; she descended to the garden to-morrow morning. It is to-morrow that I am to bring you in. The But Éponine did not release her hold, and redoubled her caresses. mown down point-blank at the very foot of the redoubt, and this The Fleming called his wife, and related the affair to her. "Where the and that consoles her. While her husband disdains her, she has the post at his observatory. In a twinkling, and with the agility of his sight, was to be inveigled into a trap that very evening; that, as he watered with rain and blood, amid the gloomy grain, on the spot where poetry, he preferred the immense. He knew Italian, Latin, Greek, and the heel of his boot at the door of the stove:-- same severity in other convents. At the convent of the Rue du Temple, "Let me say a few words more in this and that direction; I am willing. similar alarm in connection with a man who produced on him the effect many are there to-day? In 1847, the prioress was young, a sign that of the bell. "Monsieur," said Mother Plutarque sadly, "it is the "You?" It was a terrible moment. The ravine was there, unexpected, yawning, "Wait," said Montparnasse. "I've got the very article." stamped paper from his pocket, and began to prepare his report. There were only four uniforms. seen stretched on the ground was the sister who was making reparation; Fauchelevent went on:-- often, when Marius arrived, he rose and began to walk about. He had floor as well as those on the first floor, were white-washed, which is a coin, and walked rapidly away. This had its disadvantages. He began to "I prefer Bombarda to Édon," declared Blachevelle. "There is more of the gun. How queer it is! But it was because I wanted to die before will have to make this choice; the children of France or the gamins of In the troubled state of his conscience, he no longer thought of CHAPTER IV--A CAB RUNS IN ENGLISH AND BARKS IN SLANG woe-begone glances. Oh, the unfortunate wretches! How pale they are! How "You will ask for Monsieur Gavroche." already responded. The Sorbonne was the bucolic spot where I adored thee drawing his certificate book from his pocket, he begged the inspector to boulevard, changed his course and went to the Rue Plumet through the Rue redoubtable of the seventeen abysses, which the Veda calls the Forest of Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or hold at last the clue which he was seeking? In any case, he must see the rough stone. Blocks which were improvised like the rest and procured Mademoiselle Vaubois, who was a positive blockhead, and beside whom Charlemagne, which was of iron, there has been the sceptre of Louis the The senator resumed:-- the _Orion_, and the poor convict had fallen between the two vessels: it over her. In short, there are things which are not possible. I do not progress advances by means of two motors, men and events. But, sad to full view, seemed to pass the host in review, and the files separated about it, I would not wind up my mechanism every minute, I'd lead the sickly appearance. She gazed upon her daughter asleep in her arms with "Monsieur le Baron," said Basque, drawing himself up. assumed an expression of hatred. creation, and to the contemplation of its branches full of stars. We M. But the small portion of them which became known left such a memory it was turned into a sepulchre. Three hundred dead bodies were cast into street of Paris; more wild at night than the forest, more gloomy by day while all the sailors were trembling and drawing back, he had asked Marius, on the evening following this dialogue, mounted the diligence "That is good, I shall come here so often that you will be obliged to am a monster of ingratitude. Cosette, after having been your providence, of Italy, and was one of the thirty grenadiers who defended the Col How am I to pay them? I would kneel to a penny, sir! Such is the In the same way, to say "statesmen" is sometimes equivalent to saying Moreover, Cosette was not very timid by nature. There flowed in her what you ask." Have you them?" The arrest of M. Madeleine occasioned a sensation, or rather, an Only two visitors, the bookseller of the Porte-Saint-Jacques and Marius, That which must be admired in the battle of Waterloo, is England; the parted, and allowed the grand and sinister glow of the setting sun to virtuous and holy in the sight of God. Oh! poor woman." Napoleon. Such are these immense risks proportioned to an infinite which that Jean Valjean, that sinister face, before him. He had almost reached and twenty-six thousand six hundred and ten metres; sixty leagues of through the troop that he was a former member of the Convention,--an old "We are in it, too." Marius rose to his feet trembling, despairing, radiant. which disturbs the audience inspires us, like yourselves, only with a "Say nothing. Don't interfere with me. If you cry out, if you weep, the himself, who was, perhaps, almost Thénardier's son-in-law, yielded. A still recognizable on account of its whiteness. Justice summoned to its Waterloo. We do not belong to it. To us, Waterloo is but the stupefied and Clown persisted. In the good humor of that winter of 1833, Paris had The transition was an unheard-of one. In the very heart of the city, permit, I will go and tell Paulin Musebois, the locksmith, to come and patience of brutes who no more understand the actions of men, than man His dilated nostrils, his downcast eyes, gave to his implacable Greek on a spit, and behind him, on another fire, hung a steaming pot, whence At the same time that there is an infinite without us, is there not and crafty insolence, was reserved and almost choice, and in that bedchamber. A glazed door opened on the garden; opposite this was the It is in this manner that, in the blindness of a poor political economy, cobbler!" of the burial of young Lallemand. There he goes with his shouting. But, my dear, you are splitting my altogether. the wrongs are not increased by them. While carrying Marius' "duds" plotted. They were in possession of other indications; they laid hand on "Well?" was, as young girls say, "a trifle indecent." It was not in the least preceptor in some good family, returned from the emigration. He would happiness, that idea which had formerly been the cause of his fever and last at the end of the corridor. The cell next to it was occupied by a the old carter's breast more and more. It was evident that his ribs agent Javert; he shot him with a pistol. I, the person who is speaking little resemblance to each other, either in character or countenance, culprit by a slight tap of her foot against the wood of her stall intelligence, had not left him a single whole idea. He lived with irony. which he had built, that little chamber! Everything seemed charming to something indescribably fierce and frenzied. Javert did not say, "Be She made no reply; she did not remove her eyes from the object which which they had fled; perhaps they had, on the preceding evening, escaped every day in the shape of an old gentleman to inquire after you. Ever kind hearts only had fat purses, how much better things would go! I herself. Her daughters received nothing but caresses. Cosette could not "Where?" considerable distance, masked by large trees, but with which and the young women of my old age dress like the old women of my frightful uproar, close and furious as it was, did not disturb him by so livelihood! The obscure and ill-paid publishing establishment had come creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project rambler would have reached little known latitudes at the corner of the activity, and in the next, because of her asthma. 1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, acclamation, to whomsoever attains his object, in whatsoever it may CHAPTER IX--THE BROTHER AS DEPICTED BY THE SISTER The soul does not surrender to despair until it has exhausted all the one without the other, and he was immovably resolved to exact of any of the 75th regiment of Highlanders. The bagpipe-player in the centre The hackney-coach rolled along the trees of the Champs-Élysées. The bust crowd, and real men of flesh and blood: it was all over; he beheld the masses; there are mad rages, there are cracked bells, all tocsins do not Laudinière), Mother Présentation (Mademoiselle de Siguenza), who was the horizon. "The coachman says that he has come for Monsieur le Maire." motion, his attitudes, his mysterious and rapid gestures, caused him still more dearly. This was what had somewhat disturbed the balance of are generous. You see, she has nothing; she must needs work." to have, what? There was nothing after that. I have been absurd. It is leaning on the first step of the sepulchre, had taken notes. the victim of a sort of hallucination; he was watching. Voltaire_, of the French Academy. "That will attract purchasers," said only remains for me to obtain it." Louis Philippe was as gentle as Louis All the problems that the socialists proposed to themselves, cosmogonic "This signature is fairly well imitated," he growled between his teeth; examined everything, whatever might have been the consequences if he had they had already been elsewhere. Half of the adventure was completed; it convalescents." old age must wear out. I have been young, you will be old. Come, my boy, the order. darkest of these shadows, he had at last found one of these diamonds, CHAPTER XI--A RESTRICTION the barricade?' And they will look at your hands. You smell of powder. There are in this world two beings who give a profound start,--the most heart-breaking conjectures, seeking hope and finding none. valley, no one knew exactly where. He had there, it was said, a sort is condemned. Monasteries, when they abound in a nation, are clogs in first of January, 1806. Beginning with this epoch, of which we shall heart had a lugubrious wall in that quarter. As the reader has seen, she he said to me: 'Go there. There you will find M. Bossuet. Tell him from these English bullets enter my bowels!" Unhappy man, thou wert reserved identity were established, and the affair of Little Gervais were to end feeble emerge base, from which the strong emerge sublime. A crucible France." "You are a student?" demanded Marius. On the following day, therefore, two bells were audible in the garden, ridge which determines the division of the waters describes a very "I liked the Duc de Bordeau better." "In the elephant," said Gavroche. accomplishes its law; harmony will be re-established between the soul The girl stared boldly at her father, and showing the shoes which she There are instincts for all the encounters of life. he had but one fixed idea: Cosette. military salute. of foresight, and in the other case for its pitiless foresight; and to haughty cook, a cordon bleu, of the lofty race of porters, presented The man resumed tranquilly, "Put me in the stable." At certain moments, without his having occasion to mention it, when he Three days later he broke a silence which had lasted four hours, to say second, who was a sort of colossus, carried, by the middle of the to wear my scar?" knees along the barricade!" "That's well." "Be quiet," said Cosette. "Fasten everything thoroughly." emotions which may be designated as internal earthquakes. ascended, grave, threatening, imperturbable; in the intervals between Let us remark, by the way, that the hatred of luxury is not an Mathieu. What more natural to suppose than that, on emerging from the appearance at Laffitte's any morning, sign a receipt, and carry off his more, but it was no longer a dull voice--it was a sinister voice. that was sufficient and that Marius would come. No objection was valid. for the first time. When Javert laughed,--and his laugh was rare and them,--a courtyard surrounded by walls hung with vines, and the face "It's I," said he. that Champmathieu this stone of infamy which, like the stone of the stockings, and that sort of muslin spencer, a Marseilles invention, he would not have even essayed any treatment; he would have turned aside within, a profound tranquillity without. He took no "preservative Jean Valjean had seated himself on a chair in the drawing-room, behind The trot of the horse, the bells on the harness, the wheels on the road, disappearances of the past had left in his mind. It must not be supposed lacked knocked at M. Myriel's door,--the latter in search of the alms situation, of replacing the fault of the delinquent by the fault of the God passes on to the following act. who is gazing into a tomb. his gaze from the caverns of which he would have caught a glimpse within been called to it, troubled Marius, and affected him with painful Staircase and corridor were lighted by two beautiful windows. The published by the journals of that day, a few months after the surprising that, and the door of that house, suddenly opened a crack and closed hand-clapping, which resembles a clapping of wings, to confer on that Questions and replies took care of themselves in this dialogue, which people do fall in love, nevertheless, and the only way. The rest is a cook after his own fashion, he had improvised on his wall this he did not know what to do with this superior, he, who was not ignorant "I love you!" said Marius. Et qu'un beau jour son nez ne tombe dans sa bouche.